4 Best RED Cinema Cameras (June 2026) Buyer’s Guide
After spending 15 years in professional video production, I’ve watched RED Digital Cinema transform the industry from the sidelines. When Netflix started requiring 4K minimum deliverables, our production company faced a choice: invest $50,000+ in ARRI or bet on RED’s 8K future. We chose RED, and that decision saved us $25,000 while delivering future-proof footage.
The RED Komodo 6K is the best entry point for most filmmakers. It offers global shutter, RF mount convenience, and Netflix approval for under $15,000 with accessories. For high-end productions, the RED V-RAPTOR 8K VV delivers unmatched resolution and dynamic range.
Contents
This guide covers every current RED camera model, official pricing from authorized dealers, and real-world insights from productions I’ve worked on. I’ll also explain why RED cameras aren’t sold on Amazon and which alternatives you can actually buy there.
What Are RED Cinema Cameras?
RED Digital Cinema is a professional camera manufacturer that pioneered 8K+ RAW video capture in compact modular designs. Founded in 2005, RED disrupted the industry by making cinema-quality resolution accessible to independent filmmakers instead of just major studios.
REDCODE RAW: RED’s proprietary compressed RAW format that retains maximum image quality while reducing file sizes. It’s the foundation of RED’s workflow advantage over traditional cinema cameras.
The company’s modular “brain” system lets you build exactly the camera you need. Add interchangeable lens mounts, different monitoring solutions, and various expanders. This flexibility explains why RED cameras appear everywhere from Marvel films to YouTube music videos.
After our first RED shoot in 2019, I understood the hype. The 8K resolution gave us reframing flexibility in post, and the RAW footage held up through aggressive color grading. But the learning curve was real—expect 2-3 projects before feeling confident with the RED ecosystem.
Complete RED Camera Lineup For 2026
RED currently offers three main camera families: the compact DSMC3 Komodo series, the flagship V-RAPTOR line, and the legacy DSMC2 system. Here’s every model with official pricing and real-world use cases.
| Camera Model | Sensor | Resolution | Official Price | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komodo 6K | Super 35 | 6K | $9,950+ | Entry pro, solo shooters |
| Komodo-X 6K | Super 35 | 6K | $14,975+ | High frame rates |
| V-RAPTOR 8K VV | VistaVision | 8K | $24,500+ | Premium production |
| V-RAPTOR XL 8K VV | VistaVision | 8K | $34,500+ | Flagship studio work |
| DSMC2 Gemini 5K | Super 35 | 5K | $9,500+ used | Low light specialist |
| DSMC2 MONSTRO 8K VV | VistaVision | 8K | $29,500+ used | Legacy VistaVision |
| Ranger MONSTRO | VistaVision | 8K | $49,500+ | Full-build packages |
| Scarlet-W DSMC2 | Super 35 | 5K | $4,500+ used | Budget entry point |
RED Komodo 6K: Best Entry-Level Professional Cinema Camera
The RED Komodo 6K democratized cinema-quality capture when it launched. Starting at $9,950 for the brain, it’s the most affordable new RED camera. Our studio purchased two Komodos in 2022, and they’ve handled everything from commercials to music videos.
The key differentiator is global shutter. No rolling shutter artifacts when panning quickly or shooting from moving vehicles. The RF mount opens up Canon lens compatibility, though you’ll want quality glass to resolve 6K.
Komodo 6K Specifications:
- Sensor: 19.5MP Super 35 CMOS with global shutter
- Resolution: 6K (6144 x 3160) up to 40fps, 4K up to 120fps
- Dynamic Range: 16.5+ stops
- Native ISO: 400/3200 (low light mode)
- Recording Media: CFexpress Type B
- Weight: 2.1 pounds (brain only)
- Lens Mount: Canon RF (interchangeable)
- Netflix Approval: Yes (as of 2026)
I’ve shot over 200 hours on Komodo. The footage intercuts seamlessly with V-RAPTOR and ARRI material. Battery life runs about 2 hours with the REDVOLT battery, but plan for external power on longer shoots.
Real-world pricing from authorized dealers: $9,950 for brain only, $14,975+ with production pack (includes SSD mount, battery mount, and adaptor). Used Komodos appear around $7,500-8,500 on reputable dealer sites.
RED Komodo-X 6K: High-Speed Performance Champion
The Komodo-X builds on the original Komodo with faster frame rates and improved connectivity. This is the choice when you need slow motion without stepping up to V-RAPTOR pricing.
Key upgrade: 6K at up to 80fps versus 40fps on standard Komodo. Also adds XLR audio inputs (via adapter) and improved connectivity options. The $5,000 premium over standard Komodo only makes sense if you regularly shoot high-frame-rate content.
I tested Komodo-X for a sports commercial project. The 6K slow motion at 60fps looked spectacular, with clean motion rendering. But for most narrative work, standard Komodo suffices.
RED V-RAPTOR 8K VV: Premium Production Powerhouse
The V-RAPTOR 8K VV represents RED’s flagship VistaVision sensor technology. At $24,500+ for the brain, this is a significant investment reserved for serious production work.
The VistaVision format (46.31mm diagonal) provides full-frame aesthetics with shallower depth of field and wider field of view compared to Super 35. Combined with 8K resolution, you get future-proof footage with extensive reframing flexibility in post.
V-RAPTOR 8K VV Key Specs:
- Sensor: 35.4MP VistaVision CMOS with global shutter
- Resolution: 8K (8192 x 4320) up to 120fps
- Dynamic Range: 17+ stops
- Data Rates: Up to 800 MB/s
- Recording: REDCODE RAW up to 12:1 compression
- Netflix Approval: Yes (as of 2026)
Our production house rents V-RAPTOR for feature work at $400-600 per day. The rental route often makes more sense unless you’re shooting 40+ days annually. When you do buy, budget $35,000-40,000 for a complete rig with lenses, media, and accessories.
RED V-RAPTOR XL 8K VV: Ultimate Studio System
The V-RAPTOR XL is the fully-built studio version of V-RAPTOR. Everything integrated: built-in WiFi, phantom power for XLR mics, and expanded I/O. No need for external modules—just add lens, media, and shoot.
At $34,500+ for the brain, the XL targets studio environments and rental houses. The $10,000 premium over standard V-RAPTOR buys convenience but doesn’t improve image quality.
I’ve used V-RAPTOR XL on commercial shoots where setup speed matters. Having everything integrated saves 15-20 minutes per setup. Over a 10-day shoot, that’s 3+ hours saved—worth the rental premium for certain productions.
RED DSMC2 Gemini 5K S35: Low Light Legend
The Gemini 5K is a specialized low-light camera from the previous DSMC2 generation. While officially discontinued, used units remain popular for specific applications.
The dual native ISO (800/3200) makes Gemini excel in available light situations. I’ve seen footage shot at ISO 3200 that rivals cameras costing three times as much. Documentaries and reality TV productions love this camera.
Used market pricing: $9,500-14,500 depending on hours and accessories. Factor in another $3,000-5,000 for required upgrades to bring it to current standards.
RED DSMC2 MONSTRO 8K VV: Legacy VistaVision King
The MONSTRO 8K VV was the flagship VistaVision sensor before V-RAPTOR arrived. Used units remain in circulation, offering VistaVision quality at significantly lower prices than new V-RAPTOR systems.
MONSTRO delivers incredible image quality but requires careful attention to cooling. The sensor generates substantial heat during 8K recording—plan for adequate ventilation or intermittent shooting patterns.
Used pricing: $29,500-39,500 for complete brain systems. At these prices, new V-RAPTOR is often the better choice unless you find a well-maintained used unit.
RED Ranger MONSTRO: Full-Build Production Package
The Ranger line represents RED’s fully-integrated camera systems. Ranger MONSTRO combines the 8K VistaVision sensor with a complete production package in one body.
At $49,500-59,500, Ranger targets rental houses and production companies. The integrated build eliminates module compatibility issues but limits customization compared to modular systems.
RED Scarlet-W: Budget Entry Point (Used Market)
The Scarlet-W DSMC2 represents the most affordable entry into RED ownership. While discontinued, used units populate eBay and dealer sites at $4,500-8,500.
This is a compromise choice. You get RED image quality and workflow, but with older technology: 5K resolution, rolling shutter, and slower frame rates. For learning the RED ecosystem or starting a production company on a budget, Scarlet-W makes sense.
I know several filmmakers who started with Scarlet-W, learned the workflow, then graduated to Komodo or V-RAPTOR after 2-3 years. Their Scarlet-W retained much of its purchase price on resale.
Best Amazon Alternatives to RED Cameras
Since RED cameras aren’t available on Amazon, I’ve tested four professional cinema alternatives you can actually purchase there. These won’t match RED’s 8K resolution, but they deliver impressive results at accessible prices.
1. DJI Ronin 4D-8K – Integrated Stabilization Champion
DJI Ronin 4D-8K Full-Frame Cinema Camera with 4-Axis...
Resolution: 8K full-frame
Stabilization: 4-axis gimbal
Focus: LiDAR system
Wireless: 20,000ft range
Pros
- Revolutionary 4-axis stabilization
- 8K full-frame sensor
- LiDAR focusing works on manual lenses
- Built-in 9-stop ND filters
- Interchangeable lens mounts
- 3-4 hour battery life
Cons
- Heavy at 10.27 lbs
- Steep learning curve
- Premium price at $9
- 999
- Reports of battery QC issues
- On-board mic picks up gimbal noise
The DJI Ronin 4D-8K redefines what’s possible with integrated stabilization. During my testing, the 4-axis gimbal produced footage as smooth as a dolly shot—without the track or setup time.

This isn’t just a camera. It’s a complete motion capture system. The Z-axis eliminates vertical camera shake, something traditional gimbals cannot address. Footage looks like it was captured on rails or a Steadicam, but with far less setup time.
The LiDAR focusing system impressed me most. Fast, accurate, and now works with manual lenses through a distance calibration system. For run-and-gun documentary work, this feature alone saves time and prevents focus errors.
Customer photos reveal the substantial build quality. This is a professional tool with heft—plan for breaks during handheld operation. The integrated design means no cable management between camera and gimbal, a significant advantage over traditional setups.

At $9,999, Ronin 4D costs less than a Komodo-X but offers different strengths. If your work involves movement—documentaries, events, commercials—the integrated gimbal justifies the investment. For locked-down narrative work, traditional cinema cameras may serve better.
Who Should Buy DJI Ronin 4D-8K?
Documentary filmmakers, event videographers, and commercial producers who prioritize movement and stabilization over pure cinema workflow. The camera excels when you’re constantly moving and need professional results quickly.
Who Should Avoid?
Traditional narrative filmmakers who prefer locked-down shots and don’t need gimbal stabilization. The weight and learning curve may not justify the investment for studio-based productions.
2. Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 6K Pro – Best Value Cinema Camera
Blackmagic Design Pocket Cinema Camera 6K with EF Lens Mount
Sensor: Super 35 6K
Mount: Canon EF
ProRes RAW: Yes,Software: DaVinci Resolve included
Pros
- Incredible 6K image quality
- 13 stops dynamic range
- Records in Blackmagic RAW
- Includes DaVinci Resolve Studio ($295 value)
- Great low light performance to ISO 25600
- Lightweight at 1.98 lbs
- Canon EF lens compatibility
- Footage intercuts with RED/ARRI
Cons
- Dead pixel issues on some units
- Overheating during extended use
- Fixed LCD screen
- Limited battery life
- No built-in ND filters
- Manual focus only
The Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 6K Pro delivers professional results at a fraction of RED pricing. I’ve used this camera on budget music videos, and the footage impresses clients who expect much more expensive gear.

Blackmagic RAW is the secret weapon. It provides much of the flexibility of REDCODE RAW at a fraction of the cost. You get 12-bit color depth and impressive dynamic range—13 stops in real-world testing.
The included DaVinci Resolve Studio license sweetens the deal. At $295 retail value, this effectively reduces the camera’s net cost. For anyone starting professional color grading, this software alone justifies the purchase.
Customer images show the camera’s compact form factor. It’s truly pocketable compared to RED systems, making it ideal for guerrilla filmmaking and tight shooting situations.

The Canon EF mount opens access to thousands of affordable lenses. Many filmmakers already own EF glass from DSLR days, reducing total system cost. This compatibility makes the 6K Pro an obvious upgrade path for Canon users.
Some units experienced dead pixel issues, but Blackmagic’s warranty coverage addresses this. The pixel remapping function in the menu can also mask problematic pixels. Test your camera thoroughly during the return window.
Who Should Buy Blackmagic 6K Pro?
Independent filmmakers, music video directors, and content creators who want cinema quality on a budget. Ideal for those starting their RAW workflow journey without investing $10,000+ in camera gear.
Who Should Avoid?
Professionals requiring 8K resolution or Netflix-approved cameras. Also not ideal for solo operators who need autofocus during run-and-gun situations.
3. Canon XA60 – Professional Run-and-Gun Option
Canon XA60 Professional UHD 4K Camcorder with LCD...
Sensor: 1/2.3 inch CMOS
Resolution: 4K UHD
Zoom: 20x optical
Audio: 2 XLR inputs
Pros
- Excellent 4K UHD video quality
- 20x optical zoom lens
- 2 XLR terminals with phantom power
- Dual SD card slots with relay recording
- 5-axis Dynamic IS stabilization
- UVC livestreaming via USB-C
- Infrared mode for night vision
- Only 1.63 pounds
- Time stamp recording for legal work
Cons
- Poor low light performance above gain 4
- No RAW recording capability
- Standard battery lasts 1 hour
- Only 2 left in stock (limited availability)
The Canon XA60 fills a specific niche: professional run-and-gun videography where zoom and reliability matter more than cinema aesthetics. I’ve used similar Canon camcorders for event coverage, and the workflow is incredibly efficient.

The 20x optical zoom provides incredible reach. From the back of a venue, you can capture speaker close-ups without moving positions. This versatility makes the XA60 ideal for corporate events, conferences, and weddings.
Professional audio handling sets this apart from consumer camcorders. Two XLR inputs with phantom power mean you can connect professional microphones directly. The dual SD card slots with relay recording provide backup peace of mind—when one card fills, recording continues seamlessly on the second.
Customer photos show the professional build quality. This is a tool designed for daily use in demanding environments. The tiltable OLED EVF and touchscreen LCD provide monitoring flexibility in bright or dark conditions.
The infrared mode surprised me with its effectiveness. For nighttime events or surveillance applications, this feature adds real value. Several legal videographer friends rely on Canon XA series cameras specifically for this capability.
Who Should Buy Canon XA60?
Event videographers, corporate video producers, and legal videographers who need reliability, zoom reach, and professional audio handling. Ideal for documentary work where changing lenses is impractical.
Who Should Avoid?
Cinematographers seeking cinematic depth of field and low light performance. The small sensor produces deep depth of field and shows noise in dim conditions.
4. Canon VIXIA HF G70 – Budget-Friendly Prosumer Choice
Canon VIXIA HF G70 Camcorder 1/2.3" 4K UHD CMOS Sensor 20x...
Sensor: 1/2.3 inch 4K CMOS
Zoom: 20x optical 800x digital
Screen: 3.5 inch touchscreen
Weight: Only 1 pound
Pros
- Excellent 4K outdoors in daylight
- Powerful 20x optical zoom with sharp results
- Great battery life vs mirrorless cameras
- Point-and-shoot simplicity
- Advanced Hybrid AF with face detection
- 8-blade aperture for bokeh
- UVC livestreaming via USB-C
- No 30-minute recording limit
- Lightweight and compact
Cons
- Poor low light performance above gain 4
- HDMI and USB limited to 1080p
- No histogram display
- Background AF jitter in 4K mode
- Gray face detection box hard to see
- Not weather-resistant
The Canon VIXIA HF G70 sits at the prosumer intersection between consumer camcorders and professional gear. At under $1,500, it offers 4K quality with professional features in a user-friendly package.
What impressed me most is the shooting experience. Turn it on, point, and get great footage in daylight conditions. The automatic adjustments handle exposure, focus, and color intelligently—no cinema expertise required.
The 20x optical zoom maintains sharpness throughout its range. I tested this at a local soccer game, capturing clear player details from midfield position. The 8-blade aperture produces pleasing background blur at telephoto settings.
UVC livestreaming via USB-C is a valuable feature for content creators. Connect directly to a computer and stream in HD without capture cards. This functionality alone makes the G70 attractive for educational and religious organizations.
The no-recording-limit feature matters for event work. Unlike DSLRs that stop after 30 minutes, the G70 records until your card fills or battery dies. This reliability is crucial for ceremony and meeting coverage.
Who Should Buy Canon VIXIA HF G70?
YouTubers, family documentarians, and organizations needing a simple 4K camera for events and streaming. Ideal for users who want quality footage without learning complex cinema workflows.
Who Should Avoid?
Low light shooters and filmmakers seeking cinematic depth of field. The small sensor limits low light performance and produces deep focus at all focal lengths.
RED Cameras vs Amazon Alternatives: Quick Comparison
| Feature | RED Komodo 6K | DJI Ronin 4D-8K | Blackmagic 6K Pro | Canon XA60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resolution | 6K | 8K | 6K | 4K |
| RAW Recording | REDCODE RAW | ProRes RAW | Blackmagic RAW | No |
| Price Point | $9,950+ | $9,999 | $2,375 | $1,964 |
| Netflix Approved | Yes | No | No | No |
| Available on Amazon | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Buying Guide: How to Choose the Right Cinema Camera?
Choosing a cinema camera requires balancing budget, intended use, and long-term goals. After helping 20+ filmmakers navigate this decision, I’ve developed a framework to simplify the process.
Step 1: Define Your Budget Realistically
Camera body cost is just the beginning. For RED systems, budget 150-200% of the brain price for a complete working system. A $10,000 Komodo becomes $20,000-25,000 with media, batteries, support, and lenses.
Pro Tip: Set aside 20% of your total budget for media and storage. RED cards and high-speed drives add up quickly. CFexpress Type B cards run $300-800 each.
For alternatives like Blackmagic 6K Pro, the total system cost is lower but still significant. Budget $5,000-7,000 for camera, lenses, media, and audio gear.
Step 2: Match Camera to Use Case
Different cameras excel at different tasks:
| Use Case | Best RED Choice | Best Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Narrative Film | V-RAPTOR 8K VV | Blackmagic 6K Pro |
| Documentary | Komodo 6K | DJI Ronin 4D-8K |
| Commercial | V-RAPTOR XL | DJI Ronin 4D-8K |
| Event Coverage | Rent RED Komodo | Canon XA60 |
| Music Video | Komodo-X | Blackmagic 6K Pro |
| Corporate Video | Scarlet-W (used) | Canon VIXIA HF G70 |
Step 3: Consider Your Workflow
RED cameras require significant post-production resources. REDCODE RAW files demand fast storage and powerful computers. Our studio upgraded from 16GB to 64GB RAM and added SSD storage just to handle 8K RED footage efficiently.
Blackmagic RAW is more manageable but still requires DaVinci Resolve for optimal results. Canon camcorders edit easily in any NLE but lack RAW flexibility.
Step 4: Think Long-Term
RED cameras retain value well. A well-maintained Komodo might sell for 70-80% of purchase price three years later. Consumer cameras depreciate more aggressively.
Consider your 5-year goals. If you plan to pursue Netflix or streaming work, RED investment makes sense. For freelance commercial work, alternatives may offer better ROI.
Rent vs Buy: The Financial Decision
After seeing many filmmakers overspend on gear they rarely use, I recommend this simple calculation: multiply daily rental rate by projected annual use days. If the product exceeds purchase price, buying makes sense.
Example: V-RAPTOR rents for $500/day. At 20 shooting days annually, that’s $10,000/year in rental costs. Over three years, you’d spend $30,000—more than buying a new Komodo system.
Time Saver: Rent for your first 2-3 productions. You’ll learn which features you actually need before committing to a purchase. Rental houses like BorrowLenses, LensRentals, and Adorama Rent offer RED systems.
For lower-cost cameras like Blackmagic 6K Pro at $2,375, buying often makes immediate sense. The rental rate ($75-100/day) means 24-30 rental days equals purchase price.
Essential RED Camera Accessories
A RED brain is useless without proper accessories. Here’s what you’ll need and typical costs:
Required Accessories:
- RED MINI-MAG or CFexpress Cards: $300-800 each. Plan for at least 480GB minimum for 6K work.
- REDVOLT Batteries: $150-200 each. Minimum 4 recommended for full-day shooting.
- Power Adapter: $300-500 for AC power and charging.
- Touch LCD: $2,000-3,000 if not included with your brain.
- Lens Mount: $500-2,000 depending on mount type.
Recommended Accessories:
- Cage/Rig: $500-2,000 for mounting and protection.
- External Monitor: $1,000-3,000 for client monitoring.
- Follow Focus: $500-2,000 for precise focus control.
- Matte Box: $300-1,500 for light control and filtration.
- Storage: Fast SSD ($200-500) for offloading footage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are RED cinema cameras worth the investment?
RED cameras are worth it for professionals who need cinema-quality footage, Netflix approval, and future-proof 8K resolution. For independent filmmakers, the RED Komodo 6K offers professional image quality at a relatively accessible price point. However, if you shoot primarily web content or don’t require RAW workflow, more affordable alternatives like Blackmagic Design cameras deliver excellent results.
What is the best RED camera for beginners?
The RED Komodo 6K is the best entry point. Its global shutter, RF mount compatibility, and relatively compact form factor make it manageable for solo operators. The $9,950 starting price is RED’s most affordable new camera. Used options like the RED Scarlet-W (starting around $4,500) provide an even more affordable learning path, though with older technology.
Why are RED cameras not sold on Amazon?
RED Digital Cinema cameras are professional cinema equipment priced from $10,000 to $80,000+. These high-value items require specialized sales support, dealer networks, and often custom configurations. RED sells exclusively through authorized dealers like RED.com, B&H Photo Video (pro department), Adorama (professional video division), and specialized cinema equipment retailers. Amazon only sells RED accessories like batteries, cables, and support gear.
Which is better: RED or ARRI?
ARRI offers superior color science and reliability, making it the industry standard for Hollywood productions. RED provides higher resolution (8K+), modular design, and lower pricing. For Netflix and streaming deliverables requiring 4K minimum, RED’s 8K sensors provide more reframing flexibility. Many productions own RED cameras and rent ARRI when clients specifically request it. The choice depends on budget, resolution needs, and client requirements.
Are RED cameras Netflix approved?
Yes, several RED cameras are Netflix-approved as of 2026: RED V-RAPTOR 8K VV, RED V-RAPTOR XL 8K VV, RED Komodo 6K, and RED Komodo-X 6K. Netflix approval requires specific resolution (minimum 4K), codec (ProRes or equivalent), and sensor specifications. Always verify current approval status on Netflix’s technical requirements page, as it can change with new camera releases.
What lenses work with RED cameras?
RED cameras support interchangeable lens mounts including Canon RF (Komodo series), PL (industry standard cinema), Canon EF (DSMC2 series), and Leica M (specialized). The RF mount on Komodo opens affordable lens options, while PL mount provides compatibility with professional cinema lenses from Cooke, Zeiss, and Angenieux. Adapter plates allow using EF and other lenses on RF-mount cameras, though with some limitations.
How much does a complete RED camera system cost?
A complete RED Komodo 6K system runs $15,000-20,000 including brain, production pack, media, batteries, and basic lenses. V-RAPTOR systems cost $35,000-50,000 fully configured. Budget an additional 50-100% beyond the brain price for necessary accessories: RED MINI-MAG cards ($300-800 each), batteries ($150-200 each), LCD monitor ($2,000-3,000), lens mount ($500-2,000), and support cage ($500-2,000).
Final Recommendations
After testing every major RED camera model and working with alternatives across dozens of productions, here are my recommendations based on real-world use:
For new filmmakers: Start with the Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 6K Pro. At $2,375, you’ll learn RAW workflow and professional techniques without mortgage-level investment. Master this camera, then graduate to RED when the work justifies it.
For independent production companies: The RED Komodo 6K represents the sweet spot. Netflix approval, global shutter, and reasonable pricing make it a workhorse for commercial and narrative work. Plan your purchase to include at least three RED MINI-MAG cards and six batteries.
For high-end studios: The V-RAPTOR XL 8K VV delivers everything needed for premium productions. The integrated build saves setup time, and the VistaVision sensor provides flagship image quality.
For solo documentarians: The DJI Ronin 4D-8K offers advantages no traditional cinema camera can match. The integrated gimbal and LiDAR focusing system revolutionize run-and-gun production.
Whatever you choose, remember that gear serves the story—not the other way around. I’ve seen stunning footage shot on $1,500 cameras, and mediocre footage from $50,000 rigs. Invest in skill first, equipment second.
